The Colosseum in Rome is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. While it is the largest colosseum, Croatia boasts one of the best preserved amphitheaters. The city of Pula is located on the Istrian peninsula in northwest Croatia. Originally named Pietas Julia, Pula was a regional center for Rome. Just outside what was the ancient city walls near the sea, lies the remarkable Croatian Colosseum. It was built on the Via Flavia, which was the Roman road leading to Rome. This is one of Croatia's major tourist sites an absolute must -see if you are in the area.
A Little History
Construction of the Pula arena began during the reign of Emperor Augustus in the 1st century AD (2 AD - 14 AD). It was enlarged during the reign of Emperor Vespasian and completed by Emperor Titus around 81 AD. Built entirely from local limestone, the arena could seat up to 23,000 spectators, making it one of the largest Roman amphitheatres.
Like other Roman arenas, Pula's amphitheater hosted gladiatorial combat, military ceremonies and other spectacles for the entertainment of the populace. The elliptical structure, measuring 132 meters (425 feet) long and 105 meters wide (345 feet), featured an elaborate underground complex where wild animals and gladiators were held before the gladiator fights and contests. Each of the four towers contained two cisterns that held perfumed water. This water was used to feed a fountain or could be sprinkled on the spectators. There were also fabric sails which could be used to protect the audience from rain or sun.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the arena's function changed. It served as a fortress, a site for knights' tournaments and fairs during the Middle Ages, and even as a source of stone for other buildings. However, unlike many other Roman structures, it escaped significant dismantling, largely due to the efforts of 16th-century Venetian officials who recognized its historical importance. Because of this, the building has remained well preserved. The Pula amphitheatre is the only Roman amphitheater to have four side towers completely intact.
Visiting the Croatian Colosseum Today
Today, the Pula Arena stands as Croatia's best-preserved ancient monument and a major tourist attraction. Visitors can explore the impressive outer walls, which still reach their original height of 29 meters (96 feet) in places. You are able to walk around the outside of the arena and get good views of the inside without paying anything. I would, however, suggest going in to get the full effect of this impressive structure.
Upon entering, visitors can explore the underground chambers, which now house exhibitions on the production of olive oil and wine in Istria during ancient times. The main arena floor is accessible, allowing guests to stand where gladiators once fought. Informative panels throughout the site provide historical context and interesting facts about the amphitheater's construction and use.
The arena is open year-round but opening hours vary with the seasons. During the summer it has extended hours and is usually open from 8:00AM to 10:00PM. Make sure to check the date you wish to visit beforehand as sometimes it is closed for events. Tickets can be purchased on-site or online. As of 2024, adult tickets cost approximately 70 Croatian Kuna (about 9 Euros), with discounts available for students, children, and seniors. It's advisable to book in advance during peak season to avoid long lines. You can also find guided tours as well if you would like a little more information about the arena.
Modern Uses and Events
The Pula Arena has found new life as a venue for various cultural events. During summer months, it hosts film festivals, opera performances, theater productions, sporting events and concerts. The Pula Film Festival, held annually in July, is particularly notable, transforming the arena into one of the world's largest open-air cinemas. Many famous musicians such as Luciano Pavarotti and Elton John have had concerts here. There have even been professional hockey games played here. The arena now holds about 5,000 spectators. Attending a concert, play or sporting event in the Pula arena is a unique way to experience this magnificent structure.
The Croatian Colosseum in Pula stands not just as a remarkable architectural achievement but as a living piece of history. Its well-preserved state offers visitors a tangible connection to the Roman past, while its modern uses demonstrate how ancient structures can remain relevant even today. Whether attending a concert under the stars, exploring the underground chambers, or simply marveling at the engineering feat of its construction, a visit to the Pula Arena is an unforgettable adventure.
While you are in Pula make sure to check out some other amazing sites. Wander the old town, visit the Pula cathedral and enjoy other Roman ruins such as the temple of Augustus (pictured below)
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